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DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1245755
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Erwerbsminderung bei Holocaustopfern: eine langzeitkatamnestische Betrachtung somatischer und psychiatrischer Diagnosen unter Berücksichtigung des Gesamtschauaspekts
Long-Term Analysis of Disability Pensions in Survivors of the Holocaust: Somatic and Psychiatric DiagnosesPublication History
Publication Date:
06 December 2010 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Anliegen: In der Gruppe ehemals Holocaustgeschädigter ist die Häufigkeit psychischer und somatischer Folgeschäden erwiesenermaßen hoch. Die Bewertung der verfolgungsbedingten Minderung der Erwerbsfähigkeit (vMdE) richtet sich nach der Wechselwirkung aus direkt holocaustinduzierten psychischen und somatischen Primärschäden mit später erworbenen körperlichen, psychischen und psychosozialen Einflussfaktoren. Methode: Die Erhebung basierte auf der Auswertung sämtlicher aktenkundlich dokumentierter Angaben (Gutachten, beigefügte Krankenblattunterlagen, ärztliche Stellungnahmen, handschriftliche eidesstattliche Aufzeichnungen der Patienten). Ergebnisse: Insgesamt wurden die Gutachten von 56 Überlebenden (36 Frauen und 20 Männer) des Holocaust ausgewertet. Bei 92,3 % der Überlebenden konnte im ersten Jahr nach der Befreiung bereits eine psychiatrische Diagnose festgestellt werden. Bei einer getrennten Analyse einzelner somatischer Krankheitsbilder fällt eine signifikante Häufung von gastrointestinalen Beschwerden (Chi-Quadrat Test; χ2 = 4,0; df = 1; p = 0,046) bei Holocaustüberlebenden auf, die mit über 30 % vMdE eingestuft wurden. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Frage einer Verschlimmerung der psychiatrisch relevanten, verfolgungsbedingten Symptomatik unter dem Gesichtspunkt zusätzlich beeinträchtigender endogener (psychische, somatische Erkrankung) oder exogener („life events”) Faktoren steht meist im Mittelpunkt der gutachterlichen Bewertung. Die vorliegende Untersuchung ergab, dass vor allem neu erworbene somatische Erkrankungen bei ehemaligen Holocaustopfern in Beziehung zu einer Zunahme verfolgungsbedingter psychischer Beschwerden stehen.
Abstract
Objective: Survivors of the Holocaust are known to suffer more often from mental as well as somatic consequential illness. The assessment of the degree of disability and invalidity due to the persecution complies with the interaction of directly Holocaust-related mental and somatic primary injuries as well as physical, psychical and psychosocial disadvantages and illnesses acquired later on. Methods: The presented descriptive as well as multivariate analyses included complete reports (expertise, medical records, physicians’ assessments, witnessed hand-written notes of the patients) of 56 survivors of the Holocaust (36 women and 20 men). Results: The disability pension reports of 56 Holocaust survivors (36 women and 20 men) were analysed referring to the diagnostic groups and socio-demographic aspects. In 92.3 % a psychiatric illness could be diagnosed within the first year after liberation. In a separate analysis of somatic diagnoses gastrointenstinal diseases were statistically significant more often in Holocaust survivors with a degree of disability of more than 30 % (chi-square χ2 = 4.0; df = 1; p = 0.046). Conclusions: The question of an aggravation of psychiatrically relevant and persecution-associated symptomatology is mainly the objective of the expert opinion taking into account endogenous and exogenous factors such as so-called life events. Above all, newly acquired somatic diseases seem to be responsible for an aggravation of persecution-associated psychiatric symptoms, at least in the presented sample of Holocaust survivors.
Schlüsselwörter
Holocaustüberlebende - Erwerbsminderung - soziodemografische Analyse
Keywords
Holocaust survivors - disability pension - sociodemographic analysis
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1 Beide Autoren waren in gleichem Maße an der Publikation beteiligt.
Dr. Teresa Biermann
Psychiatrische und Psychotherapeutische Klinik Universitätsklinikum Erlangen
Schwabachanlage 6
91054 Erlangen
Email: teresa.biermann@uk-erlangen.de